ngin - Norfolk Genetic Information Network

The Pusztai - Morton debate on GM food safety

1. Dr Morton's original bibliography as given in his 'Response to GM myths'
2. Dr Morton's revised bibliography

1. from 'Response to GM myths'/Dr Roger Morton to AgBioView:

Look at the bibliography [below] and you will see the vast majority of the publications mentioned are full peer-reviewed publications in journals [added emphasis]. Some reports submitted to FDA, EPA etc are not peer reviewed by journal editors but you can be sure they are peer reviewed by the people at FDA and EPA. Might I also point out that a letter to Science is not peer reviewed and it is quite possible that the author of the letter quoted here is completely wrong. The bibliography [below] shows that he is in fact wrong.

...Below is a bibliography of 56 publications regarding the safety of GM
food crops. The vast majority of them do have experimental data to back up
their claims. The activists dismiss this list with a wave of the hand and
say that none of this research can be trusted because it has been done by
company scientists or scientists funded by companies. Well this is a
serious accusation. The Calvinists are essentially accusing hundreds of
scientists of fraud. Many of the studies below are done at independent
labs with funds provided by the companies. But how else do you expect to
fund such research? Should the tax payer pay to test the safety of this
food so that the companies can make a profit from them. No. The company
must pay for it and it must be done right. A company will not market a
crop if their testing found it to be dangerous - the lawsuits would
cripple them.

 This food has been tested and it is a lie to suggest it has not. If the
activists wish to say that the food has been tested but there has been a
massive cover up of the negative results they can try and make this claim.
But they don't say this. They say it has not been tested which is a lie as
you can see by looking at this bibliography.

 1. Aulrich, K., I. Halle and G. Flachowsky. 1998. Inhaltsstoffe und 
Verdaulichkeit von MaiskF6rnen der Sorte Cesar und der gentechnisch 
verE4nderten Bt-hybride bei Legenhennen. Proc Einfluss von Erzeugung und 
Verarbeitung auf die QualitE4t laudwirtschaftlicher Produkte. 465-468.

2. Brake, J. and D. Vlachos. 1998. Evaluation of event 176 "Bt" corn in 
broiler chickens. J. Poultry Sci. 77:648-653.

3. Daenicke, R., D. Gadeken and K. Aulrich. 1999. Einsatz von Silomais 
herkF6mmlicher Sorten und der gentechnisch verE4nderten Bt Hybriden in
der  Rinderfhtterung - Mastrinder -. 12, Maiskolloquium. 40-42.

4. Faust, M. 1998. Determining feeding related characteristics for Bt
corn.  1998 Dairy Report. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

5. Faust, M. and L. Miller. 1997. Study finds no Bt in milk. IC-478. Fall 
Special Livestock Edition. pp 6-7. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, 
Iowa.

6. Faust, M. 1999. Research update on Bt corn silage. Four State Applied 
Nutrition and Management Conference. MWPS-4SD5. 158-164.

7. Folmer, J.D., G.E. Erickson, C.T. Milton, T.J. Klopfenstein and J.F.
Beck.  2000. Utilization of Bt corn residue and corn silage for growing
beef  steers. Abstract 271 presented at the Midwestern Section ASAS and
Midwest  Branch ADSA 2000 Meeting, Des Moines, IA.

8. Folmer, J.D., R.J. Grant, C.T. Milton and J.F. Beck. 2000. Effect of
Bt  corn silage on short-term lactational performance and ruminal
fermentation  in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83 (5):1182 Abstract 272.

 9. Halle, I., K. Aulrich and G. Flachowsky. 1998. Einsatz von MaiskF6rnen
der  Sorte Cesar und des gentechnisch verE4nderten Bt-Hybriden in der
Broiler  mast. Proc. 5. Tagung, Schweine- und GeflhgelernE4hrung,
01,-03.12.1998,  Wittenberg p 265-267.

 10. Hammond, B., J. Vicini, G. Hartnell, M.W. Naylor, C.D. Knight, E. 
Robinson, R. L. Fuchs, and S.R. Padgetteet al. 1996. The feeding value of 
soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered
by  genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126: 717-727.
{3399}

 11. Padgette, S., N. Taylor, D. Nider, et al. 1996. The composition of 
glyphosate-tolerant soybean seed is equivalent to that of conventional 
soybeans. J. Nutr. 126: 702-716.

 12. Russell, J. and T. Peterson. 1999. Bt corn and non-Bt corn crop
residues  equal in grazing value. Extension News, June 30, 1999. Iowa
State  University Extension, Ames.

 13. Russell, J.R., M.J. Hersom, A. Pugh, K. Barrett and D. Farnham.
2000.  Effects of grazingcrop residues from bt-corn hybrids on the
performance of  gestating beef cows. Abstract244 presented at the
Midwestern Section ASAS  and Midwest Branch ADSA 2000 Meeting, Des Moines,
IA.

 14. Russell, J.R., D. Farnham, R.K. Berryman, M.J. Hersom, A. Pugh and
K.  Barrett. 2000. Nutritive value of the crop residues from bt-corn
hybrids  and their effects on performance of grazing beef cows. 2000 Beef
Research  Report -Iowa State University. p 56-61.

 15. Sidhu, R.S., B.G. Hammond, R.L. Fuchs, J.N. Mutz, L.R. Holden, B.
George  and T. Olson. 2000. Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn: The Composition and
Feeding Value of Grain from Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn is Equivalent to That
of  Conventional Corn (Zea Mays L.).  J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:2305-2312.
{3777}

 Roundup Ready

 16. Characterization of phospholipids from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans 
List, G. R.; Orthoefer, F.; Taylor, N.; Nelsen, T.; Abidi, S. L.  (Food
Quality and Safety Research, NCAUR, USDA, ARS, Peoria, IL,  61604, USA).
J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76(1), 57-60 1999

 17. Compositional Analysis of Glyphosate -Tolerant Soybeans Treated with
Glyphosate  Taylor, Nancy B.; Fuchs, Roy L.; MacDonald, John; Shariff,
Ahmed R.;  Padgette, Stephen R. (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, 63198,
USA).  J. Agric. Food Chem., 47(10), 4469-4473 1999

 18. The expressed protein in glyphosate-tolerant soybean,
5-enolpyruvylshikimate  3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain
CP4, is rapidly digested  in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged
mice Harrison, Leslie  A.; Bailey, Michele R.; Naylor, Mark W.; Ream, Joel
E.; Hammond,  Bruce G.; Nida, Debbie L.; Burnette, Barry L.; Nickson,
Thomas E.;  Mitsky, Timothy A.; et al. (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO,
63198, USA). J.  Nutr., 126(3), 728-40 1996

 19. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and 
dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate 
tolerance. Hammond, Bruce G.; Vicini, John L.; Hartnell, Gary F.; Naylor,
Mark  W.; Knight, Christopher D.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Fuchs, Roy L.; 
Padgette, Stephen  R. (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA). J. Nutr.,
126(3), 717-27 1996.

 20. The composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean seeds is equivalent to
that  of conventional soybeans Padgette, Stephen R.; Taylor, Nancy Biest; 
Nida, Debbie L.; Bailey, Michele  R.; MacDonald, John; Holden, Larry R.;
Fuchs, Roy L. (Monsanto Co.,  St. Louis, MO, 63198, USA). J. Nutr.,
126(3), 702-16 1996 {3778}

 21. Biotechnology and the soybean. Rogers, Stephen G. (Monsanto, 
Brussels, Belg.). Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68(6,  Suppl.), 1330S-1332S 1998

 22. Assessment of the endogenous allergens in glyphosate -tolerant and 
commercial soybean varieties  Burks, A. W.; Fuchs, R. L.. Arkansas
Children's Hospital, University  of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little
Rock, AR 72202, USA..  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
Vol. 96, No. 6, 1,  pp. 1008-1010

 23. Assessment of the allergenic potential of foods derived from
genetically  engineered plants: glyphosate tolerant soybean as a case
study Fuchs,  R. L.; Eisenbrand, G. [EDITOR]; Aulepp, H. [EDITOR]; Dayan,
A. D.  [EDITOR]; Elias, P. S. [EDITOR]; Grinow, W. [EDITOR]; Ring, J. 
[EDITOR];  Schlatter, J. [EDITOR]. Ceregen (Monsanto Co.), 700
Chesterfield Parkway  North, St. Louis, MO 63198, USA.. Meeting info.:
Food allergies and  intolerances: symposium. Food allergies and
intolerances: symposium  (1996 )  pp. 212-221. 38 ref Publisher: VCH
Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Weinheim. ISBN:  3-527-27409-X

 24. Safety evaluation of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans Fuchs, R. L.; Re, 
D. B.; Rogers, S. G.; Hammond, B. G.; Padgette, S. R.. The  Agricultural
Group, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63198, USA.  Meeting info.: Food
safety evaluation. Proceedings of an  OECD-sponsored workshop  held on
12-15 September 1994, Oxford, UK. Food safety evaluation.  Proceedings of
an OECD-sponsored workshop held on 12-15 September  1994, Oxford, UK (
1996 ) pp. 61-70. 32 ref Publisher: Organisation  for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD). Paris. ISBN:  92-64-14867-1

 25. Herbicide tolerant soybeans: Why growers are adopting Roundup Ready
varieties.  Carpenter, J., Gianessi, L. AgBioForum 2(2), Spring, 1999

 Reports from various organisations

 26. ACNFP (Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes). 1991.
Department  of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects, No. 38.
Guidelines on  the Assessment of  Novel Foods and Processes. London (HMSO).

 27. ADA. 1993. Position of the American Dietetic Association
Biotechnology and  the Future of Food. Journal of the American Dietetic
Association. Vol. 93  (2) pp 189.

 28. ASEAN, 1998. Primary Production Company (ed) Regulations for
Agricultural  Products Derived from Biotechnology. Proceedings of the
ASEAN Workshop,  April 1-2, 1998, Singapore.

 29. Berberich S.A., J.E. Ream, T.L. Jackson, R. Wood, R. Stipanovic, P.
Harvey,  S. Patzer, and R.L. Fuchs. 1996. Safety Assessment of
Insect-Protected  Cotton: The Composition of the Cottonseed is Equivalent
to Conventional  Cottonseed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41:365-371.

 30. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association 1991. 
Biotechnology and the American agricultural industry. J Amer Med  Assoc
266(3):363-263.

 31. FAO/WHO, 1991. Strategies for Assessing the Safety of Foods Produced
by  Biotechnology. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. World Health 
Organization, Geneva.

 32. FAO/WHO. 1996. Biotechnology and food safety. Report of a Joint
JAO/WHO  Consultation. FAO, Food and Nutrition Paper 61, Rome Italy. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA). 1992. Statement of Policy: Foods  Derived
from New Plant Varieties. Notice, Federal Register 57:104;  22984-23005.

 33. Hammond, B.G., J.L. Vicini, G.F. Hartnell, M.W. Naylor, C.D. Knight, 
E. Robinson, R.L. Fuchs and S.R. Padgette. 1996. The Feeding Value of 
Soybeans Fed to Rats, Poultry, Catfish and Dairy Cattle is Not  Altered by
Incorporation of Glyphosate Tolerance. J. Nutrition  126:717-727.

 34. Harrison, L.A., M.R. Bailey, M. Naylor, J. Ream, B. Hammond, D.L.
Nida, B.  Burnette, T.E. Nickson, T. Mitsky, M.L. Taylor, R.L. Fuchs and
S.R.  Padgette. 1996. The Expressed Protein in Glyphosate-tolerance 
Soybean, 5-Enolpryruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate Synthase from  Agrobacterium
sp. Strain CP4, is Rapidly Digested in vitro and is  not Toxic to Acutely
Gavaged Mice. J. Nutrition 126:728-740. {3398}

 35. Health Council of the Netherlands. 1992. Safety of Food Produced by
New  Biotechnology. Publication No. 92.03E. The Hague.

 36. Health Protection Branch. 1994. Guidelines for the Safety Assessment
of  Novel Foods. Vol. I and II. Health Canada, Ottawa. James, C. 1998.
Global Review of Commericalized Transgenic Crops: 1998.  ISAAA Briefs No.
8. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.

 37. Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW). Guidelines for Foods and
Food  Additives Produced by the Recombinant DNA Techniques, 1996. (Japan)

 38. Lavrik, P.B., Bartnicki, D.E., Feldman, J., Hammond, B.G., Keck,
P.J., Love,  S.L., Naylor, M.W., Rogan, G.J., Sims, S.R. and R.L. Fuchs.
1995. Safety  Assessment of Potatoes Resistant to Colorado Potato Beetle.
In Genetically  Modified Foods, Safety Issues. K.H. Engel, G.R. Takeoka
and R. Teranishi,  eds. ACS, Washington, DC, pp 148-158.

 39. Nida, D.L., S. Patzer, P. Harvey, R. Stipanovic, R. Wood and R.L.
Fuchs.  1996. Glyphosate-tolerant Cotton: The Composition of the
Cottonseed  is Equivalent to Conventional Cottonseed. J. Agric. Food
Chem.  44:1967-1974.

 40. Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation. 1991.
Food  and New Biotechnology - Novelty, Safety and Control Aspects of Foods
Made by  New Biotechnology. Nordic Council, Copenhagen, Nord 1991:18.
Nutritional Center for Nutrition and Dietetics (NCND) 1996. Food 
Biotechnology: safe, nutritious, healthful, abundant, and tasty food. 
Nutrition fact sheet. Chicago, Illinois USA.

 41. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 1993.
Safety  Evaluation of Foods Produced by Modem Biotechnology: Concepts and 
Principles. OECD, Paris.

 42. OECD. 1996. OECD Documents: Food Safety Evaluation. OECD, Paris.
Official Journal of the European Communities. January 27, 1997.
Regulation  (EC) No. 258/97 of The European Parliament and of the Council.
No L43-1 p  7.

 43. Padgette, S.R., N.B. Taylor, D.L. Nida, M.B. Bailey, J. MacDonald, 
L.R. Holden, and R.L. Fuchs. 1996. The Composition of  Glyphosate-tolerant
Soybean Seeds is Equivalent to Conventional  Soybeans. J. Nutrition
126:702-716.

 44. Reed, A.J., K.A. Kretzmer, M.W. Naylor, R.F. Finn, K.M. Magin, B.G.
Hammond,  R.M. Leimgruber, S.G. Rogers and R.L. Fuchs. 1996. A Safety
Assessment of  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Deaminase (ACCd)
Protein Expressed in  Delayed Ripening Tomatoes. J. Agric. Food Chem.
44:388-394.

 45. Sanders, P.R., T.C. Lee, M.E. Groth, J.D. Astwood and R.L. Fuchs.
1998.  Safety Assessment of the Insect-Protected Corn. In Biotechnology
and Safety  Assessment, 2nd edition (Thomas, J.A., editor)

 46. Taylor and Francis, pp 241-256. WHO. 1995. Application of the
Principles of Substantial Equivalence to the  Safety Evaluation of Foods
and Food Components from Plants Derived by  Modern Biotechnology. Report
of a WHO Workshop. World Health  Organization, Geneva.  WHO/FNU/FOS/95. 1

 47. Institute for Economic Affairs. Genetically Modified Nonsense 
(comprehensive report on biotech food safety) Thomas R. DeGregori, 
University of Houston
<http://www.iea.org.uk/env/gmo.htm>http://www.iea.org.uk/env/gmo.htm
Science  June 26, 199220  Vol. 256 ; No. 5065 ; Pg. 1747; ISSN:
0036-807520 The safety of foods  developed by biotechnology; Policy
Forum20 BY: Kessler, David A. ;

 48. Taylor, Michael R. ; Maryanski, James H. ; Flamm,  Eric L. ; Kahl,
Linda Nutrition Today  June, 1991  Vol. 26 ; No. 3 ; Pg. 15; ISSN:
0029-666X20 Food safety and  technology; how engineered food additives
might affect food  industry and production to reduce toxins found in food

 49. FDA Consumer magazine  January-February 2000  Are Bioengineered Foods
Safe?; by Larry Thompson OECD Reports  October 1999  The Concept of
Substantial Equivalence in the Safety Assessment of Novel  Foods 
(http://www.oecd.org)

 50. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1996 ACS Symposium Series
605  Genetically Modified Food: Safety Issues by Engel, Takeoko,
Teranishi  From symposium sponsored by the Division of Agriculture and
Food Chemistry  at the 208th National Meeting of the American Chemical
Society, Washington,  DC Aug 21-25, 1994.  http://www.acs.org 
http://www.acs.org/government/publications/eip_biotechnology.html
Biotechnology and food safety FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 61  Report of a
Joint FAO/WHO Consultation  Rome, Italy, 20 September - 4 October 1996
http://www.fao.org  http://www.fao.org/es/esn/biotech/introduc.htm

 51. R&D Magazine  November 1999  Beachy Speaks About the Safety of
Transgenic Foods;  http://www.rdmag.com/features/11soy.htm20

 52. Royal Society (UK) 1999  Review of data on possible toxicity of GM
potatoes Source:  http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/st_pol54.htm

 53. Nutraceuticals International  November 1, 1999  NFPA affirms biotech
food safety to Senate US STATE DEPARTMENT ISSUES AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ON
"BIOTECHNOLOGY: FOOD  SECURITY AND SAFETY"  November 2, 1999 
Biotechnology: Food Security And Safety Focus, Economic Perspectives, 
October 1999

 54. CHEMTECH.  Safety consideration for food ingredients January 1998/
CHEMTECH  1998, 28(1), 40-46.

 55. Canadian Newswire  Oct 25, 199920  Genetically Enhanced Foods are
Thoroughly Tested for Safety

 56. Monsanto Company  June 1998 Patricia R. Sanders, Thomas C. Lee, Mark
E. Groth, Jim D. Astwood, and Roy  L. Fuchs  Safety-Assessment Of
Insect-Protected Corn



2. Dr Morton's "Corrected Bibliography - with some excerpts from Abstracts indicating papers where data has definitely been collected."

1.  Brake, J. and D. Vlachos. 1998. Evaluation of event 176 "Bt" corn in
broiler chickens. J. Poultry Sci. 77:648-653.
A 38-d feeding study evaluated whether standard broiler diets prepared
with transgenic Event 176-derived "Bt" corn (maize) grain had any adverse
effects on male or female broiler chickens as compared to diets prepared
with nontransgenic (isogenic) control corn grain. No statistically
significant differences in survival or BW were observed between birds
reared on mash or pelleted diets prepared with transgenic corn and
similar diets prepared using control corn.

2. Pusztai A, Grant G, Bardócz S, Alonso R, Chrispeels MJ, Schroeder HE,
Tabe LM, Higgins TJV (1999) Expression of insecticidal bean a-amylase
inhibitor transgene has minimal detrimental effect on the nutritional
value of peas in the rat at 30% of the diet. J Nutr 129:1597-1603.
The effect of expression of bean alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha-AI)
transgene on the nutritional value of peas has been evaluated by
pair-feeding rats diets containing transgenic or parent peas at 300 and
650g/kg, respectively, and at 150 g protein/kg diet, supplemented with
essential amino acids to target requirements

3. {Hammond, Vicini, et al. 1996 3399 /id}Hammond, B., J. Vicini, G.
Hartnell, M.W. Naylor, C.D. Knight, E. Robinson, R. L. Fuchs, and S.R.
Padgetteet al. 1996. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens,
catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of
glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126: 717-727.
Animal feeding studies were conducted with rats, broiler chickens,
catfish and dairy cows as part of a safety assessment program for a
soybean variety genetically modified to tolerate in-season application
of glyphosate. These studies were designed to compare the feeding value
(wholesomeness) of two lines of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GTS) to
the feeding value of the parental cultivar from which they were derived.

4. Padgette, S., N. Taylor, D. Nider, et al. 1996. The composition of
glyphosate-tolerant soybean seed is equivalent to that of conventional
soybeans. J. Nutr. 126: 702-716.
The composition of seeds and selected processing fractions from two GTS
lines, designated 40-3-2 and 61-67-1, was compared with that of the
parental soybean cultivar, A5403. Nutrients measured in the soybean seeds
included macronutrients by proximate analyses (protein, fat, fiber, ash,
carbohydrates), amino acids and fatty acids. Antinutrients measured in
either the seed or toasted meal were trypsin inhibitor, lectins,
isoflavones, stachyose, raffinose and phytate. Proximate analyses were
also performed on batches of defatted toasted meal, defatted nontoasted
meal, protein isolate, and protein concentrate prepared from GTS and
control soybean seeds. In addition, refined, bleached, deodorized oil
was made, along with crude soybean lecithin, from GTS and control
soybeans. The analytical results demonstrated the GTS lines are
equivalent to the
parental, conventional soybean cultivar

5. Sidhu, R.S., B.G. Hammond, R.L. Fuchs, J.N. Mutz, L.R. Holden, B.
George and T. Olson. 2000. Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn: The Composition and
Feeding Value of Grain from Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn is Equivalent to
That of Conventional Corn (Zea Mays L.). J. Agric. Food Chem.
48:2305-2312.
The nutritional safety of corn line GA21 was evaluated in a poultry
feeding study conducted with 2-day old, rapidly growing broiler chickens,
at a dietary concentration of 50-60% w/w. Results from the poultry
feeding study showed that there were no differences in growth, feed
efficiency, adjusted feed efficiency, and fat pad weights between
chickens fed with GA21 grain or with parental control grain.

6. Characterization of phospholipids from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans
List, G. R.; Orthoefer, F.; Taylor, N.; Nelsen, T.; Abidi, S. L. (Food
Quality and Safety Research, NCAUR, USDA, ARS, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA).
J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76(1), 57-60 1999
The phospholipids from 3 control and 2 glyphosate-tolerant soyabean
cultivars were isolated by extraction of soya flakes with hexane and
characterised after separation by HPLC. Several lots of commercial fluid
lecithin were also analysed and the results were compared with values
published in the literature. Phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid
were identified as major components in these cultivars and in the
commercial lecithin samples. The results showed that glyphosate-tolerant
soyabeans yield lecithin comparable and equivalent to conventional
soyabean cultivars

7. Compositional Analysis of Glyphosate -Tolerant Soybeans Treated with
Glyphosate Taylor, Nancy B.; Fuchs, Roy L.; MacDonald, John; Shariff,
Ahmed R.; Padgette, Stephen R. (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, 63198,
USA). J.Agric. Food Chem., 47(10), 4469-4473 1999
The composition of the seed from soybeans sprayed with glyphosate was
compared to that of a nonsprayed parental control cultivar, A5403. The
nutrients measured in the seed included protein, oil, ash, fiber,
carbohydrates, and amino acids. The concentration of isoflavones (also
referred to as phytoestrogens) was also measured as these compounds are
derived from the same biochemical pathway that was engineered for
glyphosate tolerance. The analytical results from these studies
demonstrate that the GTS soybeans treated with glyphosate were
comparable to the parental soybean cultivar, A5403, and other
conventional soybean varieties

8. Harrison, L.A., M.R. Bailey, M. Naylor, J. Ream, B. Hammond, D.L.
Nida, B. Burnette, T.E. Nickson, T. Mitsky, M.L. Taylor, R.L. Fuchs and
S.R. Padgette. 1996. The Expressed Protein in Glyphosate-tolerance
Soybean, 5-Enolpryruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate Synthase from
Agrobacterium sp. Strain CP4, is Rapidly Digested in vitro and is not
Toxic to Acutely Gavaged Mice. J. Nutrition 126:728-740.
There were no deleterious effects due to the acute administration of CP4
EPSPS to mice by gavage at a high dosage of 572 mg/kg body wt, which
exceeds 1000-fold tha anticipated consumption level of food products
potentially containing CP4 EPSPS protein.

9. Assessment of the endogenous allergens in glyphosate -tolerant and
commercial soybean varieties Burks, A. W.; Fuchs, R. L.. Arkansas
Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little
Rock, AR 72202, USA.. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
Vol. 96, No. 6, 1, pp. 1008-1010

10. Berberich S.A., J.E. Ream, T.L. Jackson, R. Wood, R. Stipanovic, P.
Harvey, S. Patzer, and R.L. Fuchs. 1996. Safety Assessment of
Insect-Protected Cotton: The Composition of the Cottonseed is Equivalent
to Conventional Cottonseed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41:365-371.
A comparison was made of the nutrient and antinutrient levels in the seed
both to the parental variety and to published values for other commercial
cotton varieties, as part of the safety and product assessment of these
lines. Compositional equivalence confirmed the appropriateness of these
cotton lines (531, 757 and 1076) for use in food and feed products. The
insect-protected lines and the parental control were shown to contain
levels of nutrients comparable to those of other commercial varieties.
The levels of the antinutrients gossypol, cyclopropenoid fatty acids and
aflatoxin in the seed from the insect-protected lines were similar to or
lower than the levels present in the parental variety and reported for
other commercial varieties.

11. Nida, D.L., S. Patzer, P. Harvey, R. Stipanovic, R. Wood and R.L.
Fuchs. 1996. Glyphosate-tolerant Cotton: The Composition of the
Cottonseed is Equivalent to Conventional Cottonseed. J. Agric. Food Chem.
44:1967-1974.
The composition of the cottonseed and oil from two glyphosate-tolerant
lines, 1445 and 1698, was compared to that of the untransformed Coker 312
and to published values for other commercial cotton varieties. The
nutrients measured were protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate, calories,
moisture, ash, amino acids, and fatty acids. The antinutrients measured
included gossypol, cyclopropenoid fatty acids, and aflatoxins. In
addition, the fatty acid profile and alpha -tocopherol levels were
measured in the refined oil. These analyses demonstrated that the
glyphosate-tolerant cotton lines are compositionally equivalent to the
parental and conventional cotton varieties commercially available

12. Reed, A.J., K.A. Kretzmer, M.W. Naylor, R.F. Finn, K.M. Magin, B.G.
Hammond, R.M. Leimgruber, S.G. Rogers and R.L. Fuchs. 1996. A Safety
Assessment of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Deaminase (ACCd)
Protein Expressed in Delayed Ripening Tomatoes. J. Agric. Food Chem.
44:388-394.
Tomato plants with delayed fruit ripening have been produced by stable
insertion of the gene encoding the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
deaminase (ACCd) protein into the tomato chromosome. Two approaches were
used to assess the safety of the ACCd protein for human consumption.
Purified Escherichia coli-produced ACCd protein, which is chemically and
functionally equivalent to the ACCd protein produced in delayed ripening
tomato fruit, was used in these studies. First, the ACCd protein was
readily degraded under simulated mammalian digestive conditions. Second,
the ACCd protein did not have any deleterious effects when administered
to mice by acute gavage at a dosage of up to 602 mg/kg of bodyweight.
This dosage correlates to greater than a 5000-fold safety factor
relative to the average daily consumption of tomatoes, assuming that all
tomatoes consumed contain the ACCd protein. These results in conjunction
with previously published data, established that ingestion of tomato
fruit expressing the ACCd protein does not pose any safety concerns

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53. Monsanto Company June 1998 Patricia R. Sanders, Thomas C. Lee, Mark E.
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Insect-Protected Corn

PUSZTAI-MORTON

INDEX