21 July 2002
GE INFORMATION BULLETIN - NO. 3 JULY 2002
The GE Information Bulletin is a project of New Zealand's GE Information Service
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The GE Information Bulletin
An independent digest of widely-sourced information relevant to the
GE debate
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No. 3 July 2002
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IN THIS ISSUE:
http://www.geinfo.org.nz/062002/bulletin03.html
Largest Foodmakers Express Growing Impatience
With Direction Of Biotech Industry
Drug Genes Could Enter Food Chain
Weeds Fight Back
European Union In Disarray Over GM Seeds
Australian Insurers Wary Of GM Crops
EU Moratorium On GMOs Could Last Until Traceability, Labeling Regime
In Place
Thailand: Import Of GM Crops Banned
Croatia Should Ban Import Of GM Products
Russia To Ban US Imports Of GM Maize, Soya
Senate Rejects Moratorium On GM Crops
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Download a PDF version of this newsletter from http://www.GEinfo.org.nz
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Editorial
With New Zealand's current focus on three specific areas of GE - liability, moratoria and contamination - items in this Bulletin reflect similar international concerns.
The robust debate here regarding our regulatory authorities is mirrored in some of these stories, and shows that not only do authorities have different approaches to regulatory systems, but that there is often dispute about such regulation.
The BBC reports on unexpected occurrences with some crops. Pharmaceutical-producing
crops are also getting attention.
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LARGEST FOODMAKERS EXPRESS GROWING IMPATIENCE WITH DIRECTION OF
BIOTECH INDUSTRY
Chicago Tribune, July 2, 2002 (USA)
Foodmakers are growing impatient with the biotechnology industry's
efforts to develop crops that have some nutritional or health value for
consumers. A General Mills Inc. executive said food manufacturers receive
no marketing advantage from the current technology, which helps farmers
fight insects and weeds but offers little appeal to consumers. Instead,
foodmakers have had to deal with one controversy after another surrounding
genetically engineered corn and soybeans. "Candidly, we have told the biotech
industry that we are in a perilous situation until consumer benefits arrive,"
said Austin Sullivan, senior vice president at the Minneapolis-based cereal-maker.
When asked why foodmakers do not stop using genetically engineered ingredients
altogether, Sullivan responded: "That's a question we ask ourselves from
time to time."
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/01.html
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DRUG GENES COULD ENTER FOOD CHAIN
New Scientist, July 6, 2002 (UK)
The rules the US government is proposing for field tests of crops that
have been genetically modified to produce pharmaceutical products are not
strict enough to prevent the contamination of food crops, experts have
told New Scientist. They say the proposed rules are based on flawed science,
that there are loopholes allowing them to be bypassed, and that companies
do not even have to disclose what genes have been added. The National Academy
of Sciences report points out that some of the USDA's rules have no clear
scientific rationale. For instance, the isolation distance for corn is
simply double the 200 metres it recommends for the production of GM seeds.
The assumption is that this spacing will reduce contamination to 0.1 per
cent, but there is no evidence that the contamination risk drops off with
this increase in distance. Norman Ellstrand, who sat on a committee that
reviewed the regulations for GM crops, agrees that stricter containment
is needed. And to be absolutely certain the food supply is safe, he argues
that only plants that aren't grown for food should be used to make drugs.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/02.html
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WEEDS FIGHT BACK
Transcript, BBC 2 - Newsnight, June 25, 2002 (UK)
You may have worries about genetically modified foods. But the good
thing is that at least they avoid the need to tip loads of poison on the
land, right? Wrong. As our Science Editor has discovered, they've found
that they still need to use industrial quantities of a herbicide which
is so toxic it's banned in some countries.
Professor Mike Owen (Iowa State University) and his colleagues across
America have found that in practice the Liberty GM technology from Aventis
will not get rid of all weeds in maize without repeated doses. Aventis
in America has quietly accepted that GM farmers aren't satisfied with Liberty
alone, putting on sale a product called Liberty ATZ. This is a mix of a
little bit of Liberty and a lot of atrazine, the residual chemical that's
banned in most of Europe. Michael Owen says this combination has now displaced
the original environmentally friendly option for Liberty corn growers.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/03.html
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EUROPEAN UNION IN DISARRAY OVER GM SEEDS
Nature Biotechnology, April 2002 (Online)
The European Union could be facing another chaotic season involving
disputes over the adventitious presence of GM seeds in batches of conventional
seeds to be sown. The Commission has been trying to determine acceptable
levels of GM seeds in batches of conventional seed since the spring of
2000, when many European countries discovered small amounts of GM seeds
in conventional cotton, oilseed rape, and soybean seeds imported from the
US and Canada. Most European countries agree[d] to an "Interim Action"
to accept a 0.5% threshold and try to coordinate monitoring and testing
of seed batches. Until EU countries reach agreement, they are left to apply
the Interim Action at their discretion. Germany, for instance, has rejected
it, and tolerance levels for GM seeds now differ from state to state. France
has started a self-control system to "minimize" mixing. Austria passed
a law in January 2002 setting a threshold of 0.1%. Although it could be
possible for a country as small as Austria to find enough GM-free seeds
for its needs, it is impossible for larger countries. On December
28, 2001, Italy's agricultural minister Gianni Alemanno commissioned
[a] survey [that] found that seed producers were able to declare
as GM-free only 14% of corn and 6% of soybean seeds sold in Italy-not
enough for Italian farmers' needs. Despite [this], Alemanno has confirmed
the zero tolerance threshold but has not actually set it by decree.
"Based on French data, we can expect adventitious presence of such
GM corns in many lots sowed in Italy," says Norberto Pogna, director of
genetics at the Experimental Institute for Cereal Research in Rome.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/04.html
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AUSTRALIAN INSURERS WARY OF GM CROPS
Farmers Weekly Interactive, November 18, 2001 (Online)
The Insurance Council of Australia says it is loath to insure farmers
and biotechnology and food companies for claims involving GM foods. [It]
believes "the unforeseen risks of GM foods may be too high for insurers".
"It is such a new technology, it is virtually impossible to assess the
risks down the track," insurance council spokesperson Rod Frail says. Product
liability lawyer David Poulton told the Weekly Times that insurance companies
were likely to insert exclusion clauses in policies or decline to cover
the risks associated with biotechnology altogether.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/05.html
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EU MORATORIUM ON GMOS COULD LAST UNTIL TRACEABILITY, LABELING
REGIME IN PLACE
International Trade Daily, October 30, 2001 (Online)
The European Union's three-year-old moratorium on genetically modified
organisms could last for "many more years" because some EU member states
insist that traceability, labeling rules, and a liability regime be in
place before any new gene engineered seeds get regulatory approval. French
Environment Minister Yves Cochet said her country would insist on a liability
scheme before it lifts its opposition.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/06.html
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THAILAND: IMPORT OF GM CROPS BANNED
The Nation, January 31, 2002 (Thailand)
Surapol Yinasawapan, a highranking official of the departments' Agricultural
Regulatory Division, yesterday said the 37 GM crops including oranges,
apples, coffee trees and wheat would be put on the prohibited plant list.
At present there are 40 GM plant species on the prohibited list. None of
those plants or parts of them can be imported, except for scientific experiments
in quarantine conditions under the control of the National Biosafety Committee.
The Cabinet last year agreed with a proposal from the Assembly of the Poor
to forbid field tests of GM crops until the country has a biosafety law.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/07.html
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CROATIA SHOULD BAN IMPORT OF GM PRODUCTS
Hina News Line, June 15, 2002 (Croatia)
Croatian Environment Protection and Urban Development Minister Bozo
Kovacevic said today he will advocate the parliament adopting a law on
banning the exports, use and production of genetically modified organisms
and products. The law would forbid the use and transport of genetically
modified organisms which are used for nutrition, and would be a transitional
solution until regulations are passed which will fully regulate the issue,
Kovacevic told a news conference after a meeting with representatives of
the agriculture, tourism and science ministries and the Zelena Akcija [Green
Action] non-governmental organization. Kovacevic announced a campaign "Croatia-GMO-free
Country", which would promote Croatia as a country of health food. The
campaign will begin this summer by the setting up of billboards on border
crossings.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/08.html
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RUSSIA TO BAN US IMPORTS OF GM MAIZE, SOYA
AFX European Focus, July 3, 2002 (EU)
The government will ban imported genetically modified maize and soya
from the US in October, at least temporarily, agriculture minister Sergei
Dankvert said. The restrictions come under a new law on GM foods, which
takes effect on October 1 and authorises a limited list of GM products
that can be imported into Russia. He added however that the Russian authorities
are examining "the possibility of authorising" the US GM products.
http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/09.html
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SENATE REJECTS MORATORIUM ON GM CROPS
Xinhua News Agency, June 14, 2002 (Switzerland)
The Swiss Senate has rejected a proposal to introduce a moratorium
on the commercial use of genetically modified plants, local media reported.
However, it said strict scientific and environmental controls needed to
be imposed. The commercial use of GM crops depends on the federal authorities
giving their approval. If the law takes effect, environmental groups will
have the right to appeal, and foods containing GM ingredients will have
to be clearly labelled. In other business, the Senate unanimously approved
a 10-year ban on the commercial use of GE animals.
Full item: http://www.GEinfo.org.nz/062002/10.html
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